Twinkling of Stars

 Twinkling of stars is an illusion caused by refraction of light. The light from the stars undergoes multiple refractions when it enters the atmosphere. The atmosphere has a gradually increasing refractive index from top to bottom. That is why the light undergoes multiple refractions. Since the physical conditions of atmosphere changes continuously refraction also occur continuously. So, the position of star viewed by an observer change repeatedly and hence produce a twinkling effect.

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